Uptian Sinclair And Socialism Essay -- essays research papers

Upton Sinclair and Socialism      Socialism has consistently been difficult for me to comprehend. I never truly got a handle on the idea of it until I read the book The Jungle and started to look into for this paper. Before I start I might want to go through a dense rendition of the historical backdrop of Socialism. It was established in 1901 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Two gatherings met up to frame the Socialists, the Social Democratic Party and the â€Å"Kangaroo† wing of the more established Socialist Labor Party. These gatherings contained for the most part settler laborers from huge urban communities (Jurgis from The Jungle was one such anecdotal laborer). The new party extended and incorporated each sort of radical. They remained on the aphorism of â€Å"reform versus revolution† also, centered principally around the work union’s, â€Å"this incorporated the ideas of upheaval by instruction and of ‘building the new society inside the shell of it’s old.’      In 1912 they had chosen two individuals from Congress and the sky is the limit from there than seventy city hall leaders. The most individuals it each achieved at this time was 100,000 and even had a presidential up-and-comer, Eugene Debs, who got just about a million votes. Anyway soon the gathering started to have interior issues because of differing belief systems. During the war half didn't put stock in the war and half had confidence in Stalin and his Socialist ways, thusly, the gathering split.      The party had gotten powerless and didn't enter a political contender for the presidential political race. Be that as it may, when the Great Sadness started the Socialist party returned a go to maximum capacity and picked up quality. It ran Norman Thomas as their Presidential Applicant. He always lost however kept on running, loosing votes each time he ran. At last in 1948 with just 80,000 votes Thomas proclaimed, â€Å"a Socialist presidential race was a useless exertion and an express misuse of the party’s resources.†      This cautioning was pushed aside and the gathering ran Darlington Hoopes in 1952. He got only 20,203 votes and in the following political race he got just a woeful 2,126 votes in the race of 1956. The Socialist Party in this country had arrived at a smashing last end in terms of decisions. It now just had an immature 2,000 individuals across the country. In 1960, the first run through since 1924 the Socialist party didn't enter a presidential competitor on the voting form.      It was at th... ...d essayist had confidence in the intensity of Socialism during the occasions on the late 1800’s to the mid 1970’s. It was felt that it was the main genuine approach to end the â€Å" armed force of the unemployed†.           Sinclair may have not been an incredible essayist as far as structure or the utilization of imagery . He was progressively inspired by governmental issues instead of the inward reaches of a man’s mind. His character’s needed improvement past a static figure. He had no conventional instruction as a essayist and aside from The Jungle he is barely recalled at all and makes little difference to present day authors. He basically endeavored to make writing useful and express his standards concerning Socialism and maybe convince a couple of more youthful individuals to join. He apparently fizzled to get a handle on the idea of writing in an entire â€Å"reveals life as intricate also, hard to fathom†. He only needed to disentangle it. Notwithstanding all this, he stays a secret, a conundrum to pundits the world round. â€Å"Even inside a bigger acknowledgment of his artistic shortcomings and scholarly inner conflicts, and considering even his visual impairment to racial abuse, Sinclairs’s responsibility to social equity orders respect.† Uptian Sinclair And Socialism Essay - papers investigate papers Upton Sinclair and Socialism      Socialism has consistently been difficult for me to comprehend. I never truly got a handle on the idea of it until I read the book The Jungle and started to inquire about for this paper. Before I start I might want to go through a dense adaptation of the historical backdrop of Socialism. It was established in 1901 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Two gatherings met up to frame the Socialists, the Social Democratic Party and the â€Å"Kangaroo† wing of the more established Socialist Labor Party. These gatherings contained for the most part foreigner laborers from huge urban communities (Jurgis from The Jungle was one such anecdotal laborer). The new party extended and incorporated each sort of radical. They remained on the saying of â€Å"reform versus revolution† also, centered for the most part around the work union’s, â€Å"this incorporated the ideas of upheaval by instruction and of ‘building the new society inside the shell of it’s old.’      In 1912 they had chosen two individuals from Congress and that's only the tip of the iceberg than seventy civic chairmen. The most individuals it each accomplished at this time was 100,000 and even had a presidential applicant, Eugene Debs, who got very nearly a million votes. Anyway soon the gathering started to have inside issues because of different philosophies. During the war half didn't have confidence in the war and half had confidence in Stalin and his Socialist ways, consequently, the gathering split.      The party had gotten frail and didn't enter a political contender for the presidential political race. Be that as it may, when the Great Sadness started the Socialist party returned a go to maximum capacity and picked up quality. It ran Norman Thomas as their Presidential Competitor. He always lost yet kept on running, loosing votes each time he ran. At long last in 1948 with just 80,000 votes Thomas pronounced, â€Å"a Socialist presidential race was a useless exertion and an articulate misuse of the party’s resources.†      This cautioning was pushed aside and the gathering ran Darlington Hoopes in 1952. He got only 20,203 votes and in the following political race he got just a woeful 2,126 votes in the race of 1956. The Socialist Party in this country had reached a smashing last end in terms of races. It now just had an immature 2,000 individuals across the nation. In 1960, the first run through since 1924 the Socialist party didn't enter a presidential applicant on the voting form.      It was at th... ...d author had faith in the intensity of Socialism during the occasions on the late 1800’s to the mid 1970’s. It was felt that it was the main genuine approach to end the â€Å" armed force of the unemployed†.           Sinclair may have not been an extraordinary author as far as structure or the utilization of imagery . He was increasingly intrigued by legislative issues instead of the inward reaches of a man’s mind. His character’s needed advancement past a static figure. He had no proper instruction as a author and with the exception of The Jungle he is scarcely recalled at all and makes little difference to current journalists. He essentially endeavored to make writing utilitarian and express his beliefs concerning Socialism and maybe convince a couple of more youthful individuals to join. He apparently fizzled to get a handle on the idea of writing in an entire â€Å"reveals life as mind boggling what's more, hard to fathom†. He only needed to improve it. Regardless of all this, he stays a puzzle, a mystery to pundits the world round. â€Å"Even inside a bigger acknowledgment of his artistic shortcomings and scholarly indecisions, and considering even his visual deficiency to racial abuse, Sinclairs’s duty to social equity orders respect.†

Charlotte Perkins Gilmanin The Yellow Wallpaper Essay

Charlotte Perkins Gilmanin The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example A similar restriction can likewise be perused in The Yellow Wallpaper when the storyteller questioned the treatment by composing: â€Å"But I would prefer not to go there by any stretch of the imagination. I had a companion who was in his grasp once, and she says he is much the same as John and my sibling, just more so!† Because she questioned the physician’s guidance and treatment, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wound up recuperating from her sickness. Before sufficiently long, she composed the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† in 1892 as a method of â€Å"rejoicing by the restricted escape† and â€Å"to reach Dr. S. Weir Mitchell and persuade him regarding the blunder of his ways†. She conceded that she was â€Å"helped by a savvy friend† to surrender the treatment and proceed with her work. Afterward, in The Yellow Wallpaper, she depicted this individual as a lady who â€Å"creeps† behind the yellow backdrop which empowered her to sink further into franticness or freedom from her present condition. While there are women's activist beliefs reflected in the story, it is generally a result of her encounters having grown up with ladies who thought of liberal thoughts. For Gilman, the objective was to pitch the states of ladies experiencing post birth anxiety during her time. The parallelism of Gilman’s life to that of the storyteller in The Yellow Wallpaper a confirmation that true to life translations of anecdotal works stay to be significant in light of the fact that perusers can have a closer understanding of the author's unique expectation recorded as a hard copy the story.

Lesson from the Hedgehogs Teamwork

Lesson from the Hedgehogs â€" Teamwork It was the coldest winter ever. Many animals died because of the cold.The hedgehogs, realizing the situation, decided to group together to keep warm. This way they covered and protected themselves; but the quills of each one wounded their closest companions.After awhile, they decided to distance themselves one from the other and they began to die, alone and frozen. So they had to make a choice: either accept the quills of their companions or disappear from the Earth. Wisely, they decided to go back to being together. They learned to live with the little wounds caused by the close relationship with their companions in order to receive the heat that came from the others. This way they were able to survive.Author Unknown Submitted by LauraThe best relationship is not the one that brings together perfect people, but when each individual learns to live with the imperfections of others and can admire the other persons good qualities.Hedgehogs

Marketing Plan For Mahindra Xuv500 Essay - 2144 Words

MARKETING PLAN: Purpose of marketing plan: The purpose for building up a marketing plan for Mahindra XUV500 is to set the organization on a particular way in marketing. To begin with and the most imperative reason for existing is to offer solid esteem recommendation for the item. The most ideal approach to start this procedure is by changing the logo and to promote new marketing campaigns. The second motivation behind the promoting strategy concentrates on making Mahindra the market pioneer in the portion of 7-seater SUV by expanding its market share. The marketing objective typically adjusts itself to the more extensive organization targets along with a marketing plan that underscores systems to expand their client base. Realizing marketing offer, expanding client mindfulness, and building a great business picture are a portion of the objectives that can be identified with marketing plan. Following are the things which keeping in mind while the process of this marketing plan report: ïÆ' ¼ Marketing Research ïÆ' ¼ Competition ïÆ' ¼ Market plan strategies ïÆ' ¼ Marketing plan budget ïÆ' ¼ Marketing goals ïÆ' ¼ Monitoring of the marketing plan results Marketing Analysis: According to Marketing plan is a most important aspect for each business plans today whether the business is on small scale or large scale. A Marketing plan includes expressing the goals of the business, after which an appropriate plan is defined to meet the laid out goals. The Mahindra XUV500 has been analyzed in this case, and aShow MoreRelatedCase 11 Mabindra Mabindra B 10337 Words   |  42 PagesCase 11 Mahindra Mahindra (B): An Emerging Global Giant? I have been on record to say that my philosophy of going global is because if you dont succeed abmad or dont have the capacity to succeed abmad and to carve out some turf abroad you are not going to be safe at home [. . .}. If you want to compete with multinationals you have to be a multinational. So that is the logical rationale for going abmad.HI -ANAND G. MAHINDRA, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra Mahindra Ltd., in

Character Analysis Of Meursault In The Novel The Stranger

Albert Camus in his novel, The Stranger, shows a genuinely interesting character, Meursault. In the beginning Meursault is depicted to appear as unethical and cruel, through him not showing no grief at his mother’s funeral. However, Camus, throughout the story builds up a considerably more engaging character that portrays more human-like emotions. At the end, Meursault character changes because he leaves off with a sympathetic feel towards him and is left off with thoughtful reflections and revelations, and an interpretive ending. In part two, it is mostly about Meursault being in trial and him begin in prison which makes him self- reflect on himself, yet he can’t quite make an idea. During the trial, Meursault’s faults are exposed and†¦show more content†¦He demonstrates he does care about his life through the use of a metaphor of, â€Å"... a wave of poisoned joy rose in my throat† (110). He uses this phrase because he acknowledges that the joy of being a free man would be watching the execution, but the fact that he’s watching and not be the one being executed is where the joy comes from. It is also shown that he cares about living through his statement of â€Å" †¦ I would make up new laws. I would reform the penal code† (111). He basically wants moral collaboration and what he finds wrong is that even though he is not free, society makes the decision. He wants to know more about the law system and feels that a condemned man should have a chance. Lastly, Meursault tries to comfort himself to have some hope about the appeal. Although he assumes the worst and it leads him to saying , â€Å" But everybody, knows life isnt worth living; it doesnt much matter whether you die at thirty or seventy† (114). He says to ensure himself and rationalize that eventually he will die and it won’t matter what age. He develops a problem, that during the night he waits for dawn because he knows that when its dawn the executors always come and shares â€Å"[He] never liked being surprised† (113). He uses imagery to depict that he is calm with the scene of â€Å" [the] sounds of the countryside were drifting in†¦. the wondrous peace of the sleeping summerShow MoreRelatedTitle and Character Analysis of The Stranger by Albert Camus784 Words   |  3 PagesThe Stranger: Character and Title Analysis In Albert Camus’, The Stranger, the characters in the novel are individually unique in ways that bring out the positive and negative aspects of each other. When examining their traits you get the deeper meaning of things and what they stand for. The major characters in this novel are Meursault, Raymond Sintes, and Marie Cardona. Meursault shows no emotion through everything that goes on in his life such as a death. Raymond Sintes is a rude person and onlyRead MoreLiterary Analysis: How Meursault Is Indifferent in the Stranger, by Albert Camus874 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary analysis: How Meursault is indifferent in The Stranger, by Albert Camus Although Meursault is the title character and narrator of Albert Camus’ short novel The Stranger, he is also a somewhat flat character. His apparent indifferent demeanor may be a convenience to Camus, who mainly wanted to display his ideas of absurdism. And as a flat character, Meursault is not fully delineated: he lacks deep thought and significant change. His purpose is that of a first-person narrator whose actionsRead MoreThe Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel1674 Words   |  7 Pages The Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel Due to the multifaceted nature of literature, analysis thereof is prone to generalization. One of the most grievous generalizations oft encountered involves failing to distinguish between a character and the novel it inhabits. Take John Gardener’s Grendel and Albert Camus’s The Stranger, for instance. It’s far too easy, when analyzing for dominant ideologies, to slap them both with the label of existentialism and be done withRead MoreCrime and Punishment vs. The Stranger1438 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novels Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and The Stranger by Albert Camus, sun, heat, and light play a significant role in the development and understanding of the novel and the characters in it. Upon the initial reading of The Stranger, the reader may have a general acknowledgment of a relationship between the novel’s protagonist, Mersault, and the sun and heat, either proceeding or following one of the novels significant events. What is h arder to understand on the first readRead MoreEssay On The Stranger1010 Words   |  5 Pages The Stranger Essay The Stranger by Albert Camus is an analysis of the human psychosis if it was isolated and apathetic. Throughout the story, our protagonist, Meursault, tells the story of his life after his mother’s death and his experiences with everyday routines. Meursault explains to the reader only the surface of what he is feeling; despite that, as a reader, one is able to view his mind directly and closely. Meursault has all the power in this book because it is his life and mind. He is ableRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Stranger 2900 Words   |  12 Pages Curtis Poindexter Professor Slattum English M01B 11 December 2014 Literary Analysis: The Stranger The novel The Stranger is a first-person account of the life of M. Meursault from the time of his mother s death up to a time evidently just before his execution for the murder of an Arab. It was written by Albert Camus in 1942. Meursault however, is not your typical hero of a story; rather an antihero. He is neither good nor bad, and harbors no emotion. He goes through his life with a preconceivedRead MoreThe Paper of the Absurd: a Literary Analysis of the Stranger1772 Words   |  8 PagesThe Paper of the Absurd: A Literary Analysis of The Stranger By: Michael Lovett Advanced Placement English Language and Compositions 5th Period 13th of December, 2010 Michael Lovett In Albert Camus’ existential novel The Stranger, the pointlessness of life and existence is exposed and expounded upon in such a manner that the entire foundation of spirituality is shaken. The concept that drives this novel is one coined by Albert Camus himself, the â€Å"absurd†. Under the absurd, life is pointlessRead MoreThe Existential Movement Of The Stranger Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagessociety they lived in. Therefore, this struggle to grasp the meaning of life can be seen through an existential light in many novels with authors such as Camus. In Camus’s novel The Stranger, Camus explores the existential ideas of absurdity and authenticity through the actions and ideas of the main character Meursault. Existentialism is the main theme of Camus’s novel The Stranger, which relies heavily on absurdist ideas to assess the meaning of life. However to understand Camus’s meaning of life, oneRead MoreHuman Relations in Camus Novel, The Outsider, from an Existentialist View2123 Words   |  9 PagesThe Outsider novel by Albert Camus from an existentialist view. 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Also, many students choose to take science classes as part of the International Baccalaureate program and have the

Hot zone Free Essays

There are a number of characters in this book, choose one and tell us why you would want to be that person. Throughout this book we are introduced to many interesting and riveting characters but in my opinion one of the best characters in this book would have to be Major Nancy Jaax. She was a veterinarian in the Army, and her work at Fort Detrick in Maryland often took her away from her children. We will write a custom essay sample on Hot zone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, she often made up batches of meals in advance so they could easily be thawed and reheated in the microwave (Preston, 1994). She and her husband, Jerry, met in college and both became veterinarians. They eventually entered the military together as members of the Army’s Veterinary Corps(Preston, 1994). They lived in Maryland with their two children, Jason and Jaime, and various pets. Nancy’s work took her away from her family in other respects, as well, and she missed saying goodbye to her dying father because she felt that leaving during the decontamination mission would be a dereliction of duty (Preston, 1994). Nancy Jaax had to fight to get into the pathology group at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Preston, 1994). At that time, her status as a married female† made other people feel that she was unqualified for the Job and that she would panic in a dire situation. The military at that time was still a very male-oriented organization. In addition, Nancy had bad reactions to the vaccinations necessary to enter the program (Preston, 1994). She actually wanted to get into the Level 4, or the highest-risk part of the program, because there is no vaccine for those agents. Finally, Nancy’s hands tended to move very quickly, and that made others nervous (Preston, 1994). When individuals handle sharp instruments that could be contaminated witn virus-intested b everyone wants to believe that his or ner partner is going to handle these instruments safely. Over the course of time, Nancy battled through each of these objections. She studied martial arts to control her movements, and at 5 feet, 4 inches, she could knock a 6-foot-tall man to the ground easily (Preston, 1994). Getting accepted into the program also included her standing up for herself to the colonel in charge of the program (Preston, 1994). She proved her desire and her competency, and by the time of the outbreak at the monkey house in Reston, Nancy Jaax had been promoted to the Chief of Pathology at USAMRIID Preston, 1994). 2. In your opinion did the government react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston? Why or why not? In my opinion, yes the government did react appropriately when they decided to destroy the monkeys in Reston. The monkeys at a research facility were infected with a strain of Ebola. The military, along with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), takes on the task of entering the monkey house and destroying the animals in an attempt to keep the virus from Jumping into the human population and causing a potentially worldwide crisis (Preston, 1994). The entire facility must be treated as a Hot Zone, and hundreds of monkeys are killed. Scares abound throughout the procedure: one woman’s ventilated suit runs out of battery power, a monkey thought to be unconscious wakes up on the operating table while it is being euthanized and tries to bite a soldier, and tears occur in various members’ space suits How to cite Hot zone, Papers

Innovative Electronicsâ€an Integrative Case Study Essay Example

Innovative Electronics—an Integrative Case Study Essay With social and economic development, the importance of the organizational context is increasingly recognized by people. The context of an organization is represented in or shaped by the structure of the organization (Glushko, 2008). Organizational structure is used to describe the order of various parts of organization, contact information and the interrelationships between the various elements (Robbins, 1990). Simply speaking, organizational context and structure show how the organization is organized. This essay will analyze a case which concerns the organizational context and structure of Innovative Electronics, and give recommendations to change their current situation. Firstly, this essay will describe some background information on Innovative Electronics, and explain the organization of this company. Secondly, it will analyze the problems which should be solved by Innovative Electronics from its external and internal parts. At the same time, some causes which are significant in leading to these problems will be discussed. The following third section regards change and the relevant solutions. Finally, this essay will use a summary to provide some recommendations. 2. Background and Situation Innovative Electronics is a high- technology company located in Europe which is a major subsidiary of an American well-known Fortune 500 company. The parent company involves a number of related areas in many countries and Innovative Electronics plays a key role in its parent company’s core business. Innovative Electronics’ competitive advantages are market-leading core products and high treatment of employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Electronics—an Integrative Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Electronics—an Integrative Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Electronics—an Integrative Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, because their core products lost their competitiveness in the market, the performance of this company showed a failing trend over the last five years. There are two reasons, on the one hand, the socio-economic environment is becoming more competitive, and on the other hand, Innovative Electronics and its parent company have a lot of their own problems in strategies and organizational structure. The following will describe the companys current strategy and organizational structure. From the perspective of corporate culture, the strategy of the parent company is consistency. From the perspective of management, the parent company insisted Innovative Electronics use the centralized management and research methods. As a US parent company, it maintains the integrity and consistency of the company but ignores the regional differences. In this case, a traditional bureaucratic system was applied to the organizational structure of the parent company and subsidiaries. In other words, subsidiary companies in different regions have to replicate US parent company’s functional structure which is not suitable for specific geographical areas and local culture. Because each department in a company has their respective tasks, thereby, organizational structure is used to distribute appropriate work to different departments (Castledine, 2010). The organizational structure of Innovative Electronics is a functional structure. According to Carnall (1995), this form of organization is designed to set different functions and activities into different departments. To some extent, effective internal coordination and cooperation could be achieved through functional structure. However, it is not conducive to product development. Form another point of view, Innovative Electronics is a rational organization. According to Paton and McCalman (2008), rational organization is defined as an organization in which goals are consistent, decision process is rational, power and control centralized, and information is communicated systematically. Most of the commercial companies belong to this type for it is efficient and effective. Siebert (2010) stated that power and control centralized is the most important feature of rational organization, and this is used to distinguish it from other forms of organization, in other words, the power is always in the top. The problems caused by Innovative Electronics’ organizational structure and strategies will be analyzed in the next section. 3. Problems and Causes 4. 1 External problems and causes The external problems refer to the strategy of the parent company which includes the requirement for consistent corporate culture and organizational structure, and the limitation of funds and resource allocation. For the U. S. parent company, maintaining consistency is beneficial to group management and corporate image (Boddy, 2005). Because of this strategy, Innovative Electronics has to follow the corporations requirements for designing products which are always unsuitable to the mainly European markets. This strategy meant that the subsidiary lost the direction of production and development. Under the guidance of the consistency strategy, the parent company constrains the support of funds and urges them to strengthen cost control and develop centralized research; this also to some extent hampers the research of Localization. Innovative Electronics can not follow the requirements of the local market and the companys own ideas so that they have lost the basic conditions for market share. They do not have new products for the market, for consumers, and this means Innovative Electronics are not continuously attractive. Coupled with the emergence of new competitors, the subsidiary losing their competitiveness is then inevitable. Both the requirements for consistency and lacking of funds and resources support from the parent company are important reasons for the downturn of Innovative Electronics. The parent companys strategy was permeated with a kind of authoritarian consciousness fundamentally. This point is closely related to the internal problems of Innovative Electronics which will be discussed in the following section. 4. 2 Internal problems and causes Internal problems and causes regard the own problems of Innovative Electronics itself, and this section attempts to find the reasons from the internal structure of this company. The most significant problem is the issue of the organizational structure within Innovative Electronics. In this case, as the bureaucratic form of organization, Innovative Electronics is expected to duplicate the functional structure of its US parent company. Hence, the subsidiarys organizational structure reflects the dictatorial and authoritarian ethos almost everywhere. The functional structure of Innovative Electronics is Machine bureaucracy. According to Galbraith and Mintzberg (1993, cited in Martin, 2006), organizational structure could be changed with the change of market environment. Before the recession of Innovative Electronics, the stable environment and limited environmental interaction promoted bureaucratically based structure and centralized decision making, machine bureaucracy and standardization of work processes, which were sufficient to handle the simple and stable market. However, economic development is fast, market competition is fierce, and the market is in a kind of changeable, complex, dynamic situation. The biggest problem is that Innovative Electronics did not realize the organizational structure needed to change, according to the environmental demands of the market. The subsidiary has always maintained bureaucratic organizational structure which exposed it to so many strategic problems. The serious bureaucratic awareness leads to deviation in the development strategy of this company. Initially, maintaining maximum employee benefits is no longer suitable after the beginning of recession. If the labor costs can not be effectively controlled from the perspective of strategy, it is impossible to ensure new technology research and development of products fundamentally. In addition, layoffs occurred in the areas of technical staff and engineers who are responsible for the core business of the company: new product research and development. In this strategy, core competence is weakened dramatically. Furthermore, many problems arise in the Continuous Improvement (CI) program because of deep-rooted bureaucratic organizational structure. The problems CI concerned are not the core issues of this company. The organizational structure which is the most important problem has been neglected. In the process of implementation of CI, change is implemented on the surface. Bureaucracy is still not shaken or changed. For this reason, CI is meaningless. The purpose of CI is to train a group of promising middle- level managers to give some recommendations for the development of the company. However, most of the proposals were not accepted or implemented. The decisions of this company are still made by the powerful CEO. Meanwhile, the senior manager team has too many controls and restrictions over the workings of the CI team, which means CI can not exert its due function. As a result of the resource constraints by the parent company, there also are some problems associated with the allocation of resources between different departments. The working group has not been given incentives in CI, which lead to negative attitudes of team members for this program. It is not difficult to see that the root cause of failure of change is the bureaucratic organizational structure. In addition to this, other problems which related to leadership and staff relations were caused by the bureaucratic organizational context. Firstly, according to Gandz and Murray (1980), when faced with change, people would try to make rational decisions to protect their own self-interest. The new CEO, John Fox realized that the organizational structure of bureaucracy is the biggest reason and problem. However, he chose to avoid the important and dwell on the trivial. He implemented the CI program to seek suggestions widely and to avoid the authoritarian appearance on the surface. However, what he is doing is different from what he has said in the real implementation process. Uncertain and changeable situations provide the greatest scope for political behavior (Siebert, 2010). Senior managers refuse to change, which shows that over-confidence. When the recession occurs, they do not recognize the marketing changes and do not respond promptly. They thought the situation will get better, even if they do nothing. However, the situation is getting worse. Secondly, increasing the value of resources and effective use of available resources require good cooperation and communication between different departments (Boddy, 2005). However, authoritarian decision making leads to mutual distrust between the senior management team and CI working group. Conflicts are aroused because of the allocation of resources among the working group. Communication problems enable employees to take a negative attitude to CI program. Lacking of team camaraderie has become a potential problem. All of these issues create a vicious circle because of the bureaucratic organizational structure. It is time to change it. 4. Change According to Lewins 3 Stage Model (1951, cited in Beaumont and Stewart, 2010), organisational change involves a movement from the old situation to a new state through â€Å"Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze† which means the change process is started by identifying the problems and motivating to change, then move to the change process, and finally the process will be completed when the organization return to stability. . 3 Unfreeze Paton (2010) stated that change needs to challenge the beliefs and old assumptions to break down the existing current situation, and to prevent the problems from continuing to develop. First of all, Innovative Electronics should recognize the reality that changing the bureaucratic organizational structure is essential. Change requires holistic thinking from the str ategy’s point of view, because the basic strategy will influence and be implemented in every aspect of the company (ibid, 2010). Therefore, to change the settings of the organizational structure must be based on changes in bureaucratic awareness. â€Å"Think global at local (Paton, 2010). † In other words, the parent company needs globalization; the subsidiary needs to localize their development. When the parent company implements the global strategy, the characteristics of different markets in different regions can not be ignored. In terms of the overall strategy, the parent company should abandon the bureaucratic sense of thinking and focus on the global, at the same time, guiding the subsidiary towards localization development direction. It is vital to change completely change the bureaucratic, authoritarian, autocratic structure rather than creating a meaningless project which could not have impacts on core problems. However, the first part of the change process is usually the most difficult and stressful, because the company may evoke strong reactions in employees (Petranker and Purser, 2005). Innovative Electronics needs to create the appropriate conditions such as making good communications with parent company, sister companies and internal employees of the company in order to prepare for change. . 4 Change and Refreeze Into the stage of change, Innovative Electronics should start to believe and act in the way that supports the new direction. For maintaining market share and core competence, companies should pay attention to their own strengths and core products; Organizational structure should be changed from rigid, simple and centralized to flexible, complex and decentralized with the changes of economic enviro nment. Change from maximizing the benefits for employees to maximizing the benefits for customers. Appoint a new manager who has courage and insight, and who practices what they preach; it could use the pattern of decentralization and empowerment opportunely to ensure there is no dictatorship. There are two methods to complete these changes. The first one is Organizational Development (OD). When the nature of the company is leading to a failure to achieve the companys goals, it is time to implement OD (Siebert, 2010). According to French (1969), one of the aims of OD is â€Å"finding synergistic solutions to problems†. Likert (1967, cited in Siebert, 2010) explained that one model of OD designs is participative organization. Contrast with exploitative-authoritative model, leadership in participative organizational structure has confidence in their employees, everyone at all levels has responsibility for organizational goals, high standards of performance, strong communication and a substantial amount of effective teamwork will be reflected in this design. The OD process has three levels: individual, group and organizational levels (Siebert, 2010). Innovative Electronics could change their organizational structure from the organizational level to achieve participative organizational structure which is the optimum solution for this company such as appropriate decentralization and empowerment; re-setting department functions; formulating regulations which are related to decision making; adjusting the style and approach of leadership. It is worth noting that Beaumont and Stewart (2010) argued that the OD model is historically the most people-centered, which means the main point of the OD model is changing attitudes and behavior of people. Therefore, the main changes required are at the organizational level, for the real implementation process for this case. The second method uses a Change Agent. It can be seen that the essence of the CI program in this case is an internal change agent. According to Paton and McCalman (2008), the reasons why a company needs a change agent are managers do not know how to identify and solve problems or how to implement solutions. In this case, because of the internal bureaucratic organizational structure of strategy, CI program failed. An external agent could give a more objective and professional point of view to help them complete the change. At the same time, Innovative Electronics needs to pay attention to the expenses of an external change agent. An important issue at this stage is resistance to change. Some employees would be concerned about their own interests or have restless feelings when facing uncertainty, particularly those people who benefit strongly from the original organizational context. Employee participation could reduce the resistance to change (Beaumont and Stewart, 2010). Good leadership, training, coordination or psychological support may be needed in this stage (Hendry, 1996). The final stage of change process is to achieve â€Å"refreeze†. After the establishment of a new organizational structure and context, the company will move to a new stable situation by bring employees back into their familiar and safe environment (Hendry, 1996). For Innovative Electronics, the ongoing support and training is essential. 5. Conclusion This essay attempted to analyze some management problems which are associated with the organizational contexts, organizational structure and strategies of Innovative Electronics. Bureaucratic organizational context and structure is the main problem and also the main reason which causes many problems within the company. Organizational development model and an external change agent may be able to provide solutions for changing the old structure from bureaucratically based structure and centralized decision making to divisional structure and decentralized decision making. Innovative Electronics should implement effective management on their organizational context and structure, in order to guarantee a good foundation for development in the future.